Pneumatic hammer.



PATENT'ED PEB. 11, 1908.

J. KELLER.'

l i .i UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIeE.-

JULIUS KELLER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS,

TO CHICAGO PNEUMATIG TOOL COMPAN PNEUMATIC Y, A CORPORATION OF NEWJERSEY.

HAMMER.

No. 879,106. l

p Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Feb. 11, 1908` Application filed December 8i 1902. Serial No.134,272.

To cttw/1,0m it 'indy concern:

Be it known that l, JULiUs KELLER, a citizen of theI United States,residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania,l1 ave-invented a new and use- Ful Improvement in lPneumatic Hammers, ofwhich the following is a s ieciiieation.

In aI contemporaneously pending application iiled by me on December 11,1900, bearing Serial No. 39,570, of which this application in its broadaspects .is for certain purposes a division, I have s'hown among otherfeatures oi my invention therein, a pneumatic riveter, comprising acylinder having a piston therein witha stroke greater than its ownlength,` a valve mechanism at one end, only, of' said cylinder and. agrasping handle havin g a manualiy-operated throttle valve therein forcontrolling the initial admission of motive Huid to the tool.

I am aware that it has heretofore been roposed to construct a pneumatictool raving a cylinder provided. with a piston, which has a stroketherein greater than its own length wlierein the movements of saidpiston are controlled by a plurality o'iyalve mechanisms, one, at eachend of the cylinder.

have, lmwever, found hy practical experience, that such constructiondoes not give good results in. View of the severe usage to which toolsof this character are put, par ticularly for riveting purposes, for thereason. that the contact oll the rivet set with the hot rivet tends tocause more or less heating, consequent expansion and cmitraction of therivet set and nose piece of the tool, which is in turn imparted to thevalve mechanism at the Aforward end of the c viinder, all of which isvery objectionable, and if therefore found that the hest results areattained hy the em ployl'nent of a single valve mechanism lo catedpreferably in a valve box, contained between the grasping handle and thecontig'uous end of the tool cylinder, andvto the above ends my inventioneolfisists, broadly, in. the conlhinatir'in of a cylinder and hammeringpiston therein, h aving a length ol stroke greater than its own length,a tool holder in the forward end of the cylinder, adapted to receive theshank of the button set, chisel o1` other workingr tool upon which saidpiston directly impacts, anda valve mechanism l0- cated entirely at oneend of said cylinder forV controlling said piston, said valve mechanismbeing held referably betwcenthe graspiner handle and) the contiguous endof said cylinder'. n

The invention further consists of other novel features of construction,all as will he hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in theclaims. i

Figure represent-s a longitudinal sectional view of a neumatic tool,adapted for riveting and ot ier purposes embodying my inven tion. Fig. 2represents a longitudinal seetional view ol a similar tool, omittingcertain of the mechanism'4 seen in Fig. i. Fig. 3 represents' aperspective view of the valve employed in detached position. e Figs. 4andl 5 represent on an enlarged scale, sectional views" of the stopvalve mechanism employed in Fig. 1, the samebeing dispensed with inFigs. 2 and 3. Fig. 6 repres nts a longitudinal sectional view similar io ing the tions.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts intheiigures:

Referring to the drawings: l. designates the cylinder of a pneumaticriveter or other tool, having therein the hammering or reoiprocatingfpiston 2, which may he a plain cylindrical bolt having the striker 3thereon or if desired the striker may he omitted, and a pistonconstructed as seen at 4 in the cylin der 5, may be employed, whereinthe striker is dispensed with. As shown in my pending applicationaforesaid the piston 2 or 4 herein, as the ease may be, has a length ofstroke greater than its own length, and the valve mechanism is locatedwholly at one end of` the cylinder,l preferably in a suitable valve box6, which is held in position hetweenthe extension 7 of the graspinghandle 8, and th'e end of the contiguous cylinder. The com pressed airenters the duct 9 outside of the piston and valve in differentposigrasping portion ol the handle `and passes through t 1e port 1()into the passage 12 of.

the valve and in the construction seen` in Fig. .1, it will beunderstoodthat the valve 13, has heen moved to its extreme right-hand position, bythe constant pressure upon the small area 14 thereof, thereby openingthe ports l5 and thus permitting compressed air iig. 2 hut showto actupon the area 16 of the piston and force the latter into its extreme'left-hand position as seen in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 representing the positionof the piston just prior to its beginnin the movement to theleftvtowards the shan 23 of the working tool 24, upon which the blow isdirectly struck. It will be'apparent, that the flow ofthe motive iiuidinto the passage 9, is controlled by means of the throttle valve 17,which is held normally in the position seenin Fig. 1, by the s ring18,'said throttle valve being actuated y the lever 19, which is providedwith 'the thumb piece 20 adapted to underlie the workmans thumb oringer, during the act of gras ing the tool handle. The construction of te valve 13 will be clearly understood from Fig. 3, wherefrom it will beseen that the same consists of the hollow shell having the reducedneek'21 and the large differential area 22.

When the piston 2 reaches vthe position seen in Fig. 1, the port 25 isuncovered and live air enters it and passes into the assages 26y and 27'through Lprt 28 upon t e large differentialy area of t, valve 13 andVforces the same to its extremen/left hand position, as

seen in Fig. 6. The ort 29 is now open to live air which passes t iroughpassage 30 and port 31 to the forward` end of the `cylifder and forcesthe Apiston back from the position seen in Fig. 1 into' the positionseen in Fig. 2. The piston in its rearward movement uncovers the port 32and passages 26, whereby the air which held the valve'13'in its extremethrough'port 28, passage 26 and plort' 32,."into,` the atmospherethrough exaustjl'ports The valve=13 can now move into t e position seenin Figs. 1 and 2 by f reason ofthe constant pressure on the small lareag14. The orts'are now o en to live af ahdfthe piston is'forced fromt e position seen Fig. 2 to the osition seen' in Fig. 1.

IFire-'port 29 which admits live air to the pas`sagef'30 and thef'port31, is opened and closed at the pro er/intervals by the extension 34 onthe va ve 13, substantially in the manner described in ymy priorLpatents', las No. 647415, granted April 10, 1900. It will be understoodthat whenvthe valve 13 is in the position. seen in Fig.' 6 and thepiston moves from the position seen in Fig. 6 to the position seen inFig. 2, the exhaust from the rear or right hand end of'the piston to theatmosphere .takes place through the ports 15, around the neck 21 of thevalve 13, and thence through the ports 35' and 36 to the atmosphere.When the piston moves from the position seen in Fig. 2 to the positionseen in Figs. l, and 6, the exhaust from the forward or lett hand end ofthe piston takes place, through the port 31, passage 30 and.

-wit the stem 44 of said stop valve.

that during the exhausting operation last described the valveI 13 is inthe position seen in Figs. 1,2 and 5.

In the construction seen in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, I have shown' my inventionas employed with a stop valve consisting of heads 38 and 39, joined bythe neck 40, said4 valve being held in the position seen in Fig. 5, bylive air ressu're entering through the port 41, and eing moved inthe'opposite direction'by the rod 42, which is moved backwardly lby thepressure against its forward 4end by the rin 43, the rear end of saidrod contacting I havedeemed Ait unnecessary to show and describe 'indetail the precise operation of the stop valve and its ports and passageas the same are fullydescribed in my pending ap plication of which thisis a division, and-I make no claims herein to the stop valve or itsadjuncts per se. In Figs. 2 and 6 I have shown the same construction ofpiston, distribution valve'and tool cylinder as already described, sincethe piston 4 having no striker, has the same function, and isreciprocated in the same manner as the piston 2 rovided with the striker3.

VThile the construction seen in Figs'. 1, 4 and 5, divided from my priorapplication referredfto, discloses'broadly the combination of a toolcylinder, having a hammering pistonl therein, having a length of strokegreater than its own length, a tool holder in the forwardendol' thecylinder adapted to receive the shank of the tool upon which thepiston.directly impacts, and a valve mechanism located entirely at. one endonly of the cylin'fy der for controlling said piston, with a grasp-y inghandle for holding said valve mechanism i in position, and has beenfound to give excellent results in practice, I have found it desirablein some instances to dispense with the stop valve mechanism altogether,and to employ merely the construction seen in Figs.v 2, 3 and 6 herein,which I have fully described in detail. By the combination of the valvemechanism located at one end of the cylinder only and the graspinghandle located substantially as shown, I am enabled to utilize thehandle. to hold the valve mechanism in position and to thereby renderthe same very accessible-for the'purpose of 1nspection and repairs.

By the employment of a cylinder and a piston therein having a strokecxpeeding its own length, I am enabled to strike a verypowerful'and'heavy blow directly upon the shank of the button set chiselor other working tool, and by constructing the piston of a plaincylindrical vshape without. anygroove or orts therein, lthev same isrendered exceed-e mgly durable and can be. cheaply manufactured.

lt will be understood by those skilled in the art that the employment ofa solid, un-

grooved piston, in lieu ci anmilar groove int used described pressure,upon the large a latter l ceti on by acting upon its interior.

aware, l ain the .first in tl .broadly a val character these featuresare thc with corres By the coaction piston therein havi its own length,

sing the oll mum cos t.

ordinsril iro passages for the sake tion, whichy are vicws and it will lserve to myself tl pending tool pro of the vie howe v' ve nicel'ianisinof tl in 'conjunction Witl ie cliaracter described and my claims torotore to be interpreted scope.

between the parts comper, such as the cylinder, ng a stroke greater thanthe valve meel y at one end in position by tl grasping handle extendingthiou yally-o].u-rated t admission of in ent, since l am ena greatsimplicity and gh it and having a manuhrottle valve otive fluid to thetool is appared to produce a tool of durability at ,a minipplicable foretal as chipping, callring o not desir iereto, since my inven all useswherein a mal y been employe t will be apparent tl a piston having an.ermeiliate its in connection with a val 4located Wholly at one involvessomething mor stitu'tion of one piston necessitates a total positioningoi" the inle the engine cylinder, valve' mechanism. of is employed .ofwhich is moved in pressure upon the small d in the opposite dir ends,when ve mechanism,

end ol the cylinder, c than the more subior another, since itris-arrangement t and exhaust ports in particularly lwhere a the generalcharacter' the liflercntial valve one .lii'ection by fluid andll'eicntial area and intermittent ca of the valve,thc raving live air pi'essure constantly s tvo lar as l am 1c art to employ iis general 1 apiston ci',

ianisin located oi' the cylinder and held ie grasping handle, and. theprovided with a supply duct controlling the the presriveting and e to belimited tion is applieableto let and chisel have iatI have omitted Wscertain ports and oi clearn ess of illustraer shown in other Jeunderstood that lf reie right to make all such changes as may comoWithin the scope of my .ii'iveiit-ioii, and do no limited struction.

ibed.

t ther in evcrfy instance to l have lherein sho eliore desireI lto theexact con-- Wn and de- Having thus described my invention, what claim asnew, anddesire'v ters flatent, z-

l. ln a pneumatic and a single valve c fluid to botl port for the inginto tl iro ie cylind m either fluid control 5. lil it pn Anmatic ytooto secure by Lettool, a cylinder, a piston ontrolling adm] i ends orsaid ssion .of piston, having' a .ol5 said valve openerat a greater endof the cylinder than thc'i distance a cylinifier, pis

ton, a valve controlling admission of fluid to both ends of saidcylinder and `means for moving said valve in thecylinder farther fromeither end of said cylinder than the length ol. .the piston.

3. .A pneumatic tool comprisinga cylinder,r a single valve locatedwholly at one end of said cylinder and controlling fluid admission toboth ends of said cylinder, the latter having a port for fluid controlof movement of said valve and a hamincrii'ig piston insaid` cylindercompletely passing direction of its travel.

4. A pneumatic tool coni a hammering piston there in excess of itslength, and a single valve. 'for admitting lluid to both ends oi saidcylinder and itself controlled by iiuid from ,the cylinder through asingle port therein,` and said piston passing beyond and uncovering saidport when in each of its extremo positions. l

5. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder, a hammering piston whose largestdiameter and major portion con'iprises one unbroken surface, 4andsuitable cated Wholly at one exterior thereto for coi'itrolling tl themotive fluid to opposite ends ton` chamber lto reciprocate the pi Apneumatic inder, a hammering and having a length its own length and`cated wholly controlling the reciprocations olt in said cylinder, thelatter liavi passages tothe atmosphere ui'ico said valve mechanism.

7. A pneumatic tool, coi'nprising a cylinder, a hammering piston locatedtherein, and having a lengthv of' stroke greater than its-own length anda valveiniechanism located wholly at one end oi the cylinder landexterior thereof, and controlling the reciprocations of the iston insaid cylinder, the latter having exllaust passages to the atmospliere`uncontrolled 'by a valve.

. pneumatic tool, com inder, a hainn'iering piston 'located therein andhaving a length ol stroke ,greater .than` its own length, andr-a valvemechanism .lo-. cated Wholly exterior tot-the ind er in aliilomenttherewith and opera iluid pressure alone and conti-ell .rocations of thepiston .in said llatter having e'xhaust passages pliere un con tr t). n`pneumatic tool, a c VYl mering piston therein havin a length of, strokegreater than its own lengtlrand iomprising a pl Jolt and va valvemechai'iism operated by v.fluid pressure' alone andlocatedwholly at oneend ofsaid cylinder, the' latter having free exhaust ports leadingftothe atm prising a cylinder, in having a stroke a valve mechanism lofv ngexhaust cylinder, the totheat'mosvalve mechanism lo-YK end oi' saidcylinder and ie inlet of" of strokev greater than at one end of thecylinder, `and the piston ntrolled by prising a cylj body of the cyltedby ing the recipain, solid, ungroved cylindrical osphere* operatedthrough a port said port in each olled by said. vvalve mechanisme mder,a hamlindrical bolt of 'bolt and having a leng and covered by saidpiston when in its forward position, said exhaust orts beinguncontrolled by said valve 'mec anism.v

10. In a pneumatic tool, the combination of a cylinder, a. hammering,vpiston therein and having a length of stroke greater than its ownlength, a valve block in axial alinement with and abutting against oneend of the cylinder, a motive fluid controlling valve in saidvalve-block and in axial alinement with said iston and a socketinclosing the valve block and engaging the end of the cyln inder to draw,the latter and the valve block together. i

11. In a pneumatictool, a cylinder, a hammering piston consisting of aplain c uniform 4diameter throu out its major portion, and lsuitable vave mechanism located wholly at one end of said cylinder exterior theretofor controlling the inlet 4of the motive fluid to the opposite ends ofthe piston chamber to reciprocate the piston, in combination with agrasping handle secured to the end of said cylinder contiguous to saidvalve mechanism.

12. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder, a hammering piston consisting of aplain cylindrical bolt of uniform diameter throng out its length, asuitable valve mechanism located wholly at one end of said cylinder andexterior thereto for controlling the inlet and exhaust of the motivefluid to opposite ends of the piston chamber to reciprocate the piston,a grasping handle having an inlet assage for the motive fluid and amanuallyeoperated throttle valve for controlling the initial admissionof tool.

13. In a pneumatic tool, the combination of a cylinder, a hammeringpiston therein, comprising an ungrooved, cylindrical bolt and having alength of stroke greater than its own length, a tool holder'in theforward end of the cylinde adapted to receive the shank of a tool. ,u)on which said piston directly impacts, a valve mechanism containing avalve operated by fluid pressure alone and located entirely at one endof said cylinder for controlling said piston, and means, for retainingsaid valve mechanism in assembled position with respect to saidcylinder.

14. `In a pneumatic hammer, the combination of a cylinder, a hammeringpiston therein comprising an ungrooved, cylindrical Il of stroke greaterthan its own length, a tool holder in trhe forward end o1,- the cylinderan'dv adapted to reccivc the shank of a tool, upon which said pistondirectly impacts, a grasping handle sccurcd to the rear end of saidcylinder, and a valve mechanism located entirely at one end of saidcylinder for controlling said piston, said mechanism being con-tainedbetween said handle and cylinder and comprising a motive fluid to the.

valve driven by fluid pressure alone, said 15. In a 'pneumatic tool,the'eornbination of a cylinder, a hammering piston therein its ownlength, a tool holder in the forward end 'of the cylinder and adapted toreceive of a cylinder, a-hammermg piston therein and having a length ofstroke greater than its own length, a. tool holder in the forward end ofthe cylinder ada ted to receive the shank of a tool, upon w ich saidpiston directly impacts, a grasping of said cylinder, and a valve insaid box for controlling said piston, said valve being /perated by fluidward end of sai with ree exhaust ports to the atmosphere uncontrolled bysaid valve.

of a cylinder, 'a hammering piston therein its own length, a tool holderin the forward end of the cylinder ada ted to receive the shank of atool, upon wli rectly impacts, a grasping handle secured toA the rearend o f the said-cylinder, a valve mechanism located wholly at one endcylinder and held between said handle and t 1 a hollow dillerentialvalve actuated 1n one direction by constant pressure and in the oppositedirection by live air pressure, said cylinder having free exhaust portsin its forrectly impacts, a grasping handle'seeured to handle secured tothe rear end of said cylinder, a'valveA box lo'cated between said handleand the end ressure alone and the for- I cylinder being provided 17. Ina pneumatic tool, the combination.

comprising an ungrooved, cylindrical bolt and having a length of strokegreater than i e rear end of said cylinder and comprising y fluidressure acting constantly on one, area of sai valve and intermittentlyon its other area.

comprising an ungrooved, cylindrical bolt. l and having a length of stroke greater than-v the shank of a tool upon which said piston directlyimpacts, a grasping handle secured" to the rear end of said cylinder anda valve comprising an ungrooved, cylindrical bolt ich said piston diofsaidl '115 ward portion uncontrolled by any valve, a,

i the rear end of said cylinder, a valve mech- I i anism located whollyat one end oi' said cylinder and held between said handle and ownlength, said piston being drical bolt having an unbro tool holder beingadapted to receive the cylinder for controllingzsaid piston, said fholder in position ing free exhaust ports to the atmosphere uncontrolledby said valve.

22. In a pneumatic tool, the combination t e rear end of said cylinder,a rassure sup` of a cylinder, a Vhammering piston therein, ply ductextending through sai handle out having a length of stroke greater thanits own si e of the grasping portion thereof, for the length, saidpiston having an unbroken expurpose of conducting compressed air to saidI terior periphery throughout its greatest divalve mechanism, and amanually-operated -arneter, a tool holder in the forward end of throttlevalve inysaid handle for controlling the cylinder, means for retainingsaid tool the initial supply of motive iluid to the tool. holder inposition upon said cylinder, said 191 In a pneumatic tool, thecombination tool holder being of a cylinder, a hammering piston therein,shank of a tool upon which said piston dihaving a length of strokegreaterv than its rectly impacts, a grasping handle secured to a plain,cylinthe rear end of said cylinder anda valve en exterior pemechanism`containing a hollow differential riphery throughout its greatestdiameter, a tool holder in the forward end of the cylinder adapted toreceive the shank of a tool upon which said piston directly impacts, agraspphere uncontrolled by said valve. lng handle secured to the rearend `of said 23. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder,` a -y inder, and avalve mechanism located enhammering piston therein, having a lengthtirely at one end of said cylinder and reJ of stroke greater than itsown length and tained between said handle and the concomprising anungrooved, cylindrical bolt tiguous end of said cylinder for controllinghaving an unbroken periphery throughout said piston, said mechanismcomprising a its length, a tool holder in the forward end of hollowdifferential valve, and said cylinder .the cylinder and adapted .toreceive the containing a series of free exhaust ports leadshank of atool upon which said piston diing to the atmosphere andy uncontrolled byrectly impacts, and a valve mechanism losald valve. cated wholly at oneend of said cylinder for 20. In a pneumatic tool, the combinationcontrolling said piston, said mechanism conof al cylinder, a hammeringpiston therein sisting of ahollow differential valve, in alinehaving alength of stroke greater than its ment with said piston and moving inthe own length, said piston having an unbroken same direction as thelatter and having air exterior periphery throughout 'its greatestpressure constantly within its interior. diameter, a tool holder in theforward end of 24. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder, a halnthecylinder,'n1eans for retaining said tool mering piston therein having alength of holder in position within said cylinder, said stroke greaterthan its own length and comprising an un rooved, cylindrical bolt havingan unhroen eriphery throughout its length, a tool holdIdr in the forwardend of the cylinder and adapted to receive the shank of a tool, uponwhich said piston directly impacts and a valve mechanism located whollyat one end of said cylinder for controlling said piston, said mechanismconsisting of a hollow differential valve, in alinement with said pistonand moving in the same direction, as the latter and having air pressureconstantly within its interior, ports 25, 26, 27 and"28 for admittinglive air pressure to the larger area of said valve, ports 32 and 33 inthe forward end of said eyllnder and coacting with said ports 25, 2G, 27and `Z8 for permitting exhaust from said larger' area, ports 29, 30 and31 for admitting live air to the forward end of said piston and orts 37,35 and 36 for permitting exhaust irom the forward end of said iston.

JULI Ui KELLER.

inder for controlling said piston, said cylinshank of a tool upon whichsaid piston directly impacts, a grasping handle secured to the rear endof said cylinder, and a valvel mechanism located entirely at oneendofsaid mechanism comprising a hollow differential valve and saidcylinder containing a series of free exhaust ports, leading to theatmosphere and uncontrolled by said Valve.

2l. In a pneumatic tool, the combination of a cylinder, a hammeringpiston therein, having alength of stroke greater than its own length,said piston having an unbroken exterior periphery throughout itsgreatest diameter, atool holder in the forward end of the cylinder,means for retaining saidI tool upon said cylinder, said tool holderbeing adapted to receive the shank of a tool upon which said pistondirectly impacts, a grasping handle secured to 'the rear end of saidcylinder, and a valve mechanism containing a differential valve locatedentirely at one end of said cylinder for controlling said'pistornsaidcylinder hav- Witnesses:

JOHN A. Wmnnnsnnnr, E. llArw/inn FAmnANKs.

valve located entirely at one end of said c l-f l der having freeexhaust ports to the atmos-` adapted to receive the

